top of page

title. project gelatin 1

date. 2014

city. Leeds

​

tools. cooker/stove/hotplate, teaspoon, measuring cup, cooking pot, scale, thermometer, stirring spoon, flat surface

process. molded, cooked, air dried

composition. 12 gr glycerol, 240 ml water, 48 gr gelatin

Instructions.

Step one

Clean your surface and turn on hot plate. Pour 240ml of cold water into your pot.

Step two

Measure 12g of Glycerol using a food scale and add it to the mixture. The amounts can be adjusted as long as the ratio remains roughly the same. Less Glycerol will result in a more brittle but harder material, more Glycerol will create a more flexible and soft sheet.

Step three

Stir mixed ingredients until there are no clumps and it is as dispersed as it’s going to get. Heat mixture to 95° C or to when it starts to froth. Continue stirring mixture while heating. Keep measuring the temperature and remove the heat once it’s at the right temperature or when it starts to froth. Keep stirring for another few minutes. Remove excess froth with spoon and make make sure there are no clumps in the mixture.

Step four

Once the mixture is ready and no clumps remain, pour it directly into the previously prepared mold. Place aluminum foil underneath mold and maybe grease mold first with vegetable oil (depending on your shape and material). Spread the liquid equally throughout the surface.

Step five

The drying period strongly depends on the thickness of the final product but also on room temperature and humidity. It may take up to several days until sheet is fully dry. Once the sheet is fully dry it can be removed from the mold carefully using a scalpel or thin knife.

​

​

 

​

title. project Calcium carbonate composites 1

date. 2018

city. Lisbon

tools. scale, grinder, sieve machine, stirring spoon, containers, 40 micron sieve

process. 3D printed, ground, mixed, air dried

composition. 29.4% water, 0.6% alginate, 70% mussel shells

Instructions.

Step one - powder

  1. Wash the mussel shells and remove remaining waste.

  2. Cook the shells for 15 minutes.

  3. Heat the shells for 1 hour on 200 degrees in the oven. This will make the shells more brittle .

  4. Grind the shells into a powder.

  5. Sieve the grinded shells to obtain a powder with particle size of 40 micron.

Step two - binding

  1. Measure the desired amount of NEO-Alginate (2% of total weight).

  2. Measure the desired amount of water (98% of total weight).

  3. Add alginate to the water and stir until a gel has formed.

Step three - paste prep

  1. Measure the desired amount of mussel shell powder

  2. Add binder to the powder until the right ratio is met. The powder:binder ratio is 1:0,4

  3. Stir until the ingredients are well mixed into a smooth paste

source. DELFT University of Technology

 

​

title. project chitosan 1

date. 2014

city. Leeds

tools. teaspoon, measuring cup, scale, thermometer, flat surface, blender,

process. cast, cut, mixed, air dried

composition. 200 ml water, 20 ml vinegar, 5 gr glycerol, 24 gr chitosan 

Instructions.

Step one 

Measure out the ingredients​

Step two

Add 200 ml of hot tap water at 70 to 80 deg C. Add 20 ml of Vinegar.

Stir with the blender. 

Add progressively the 24g Chitosan and stir again until a homogeneous solution is obtained.

Place 5 ml of Glycerol and stir the mix until a homogeneous solution is obtained

Step three 

Cast the mix on a flat surface or on a mold.

The thickness of the dried object will 10 to 30% of the thickness of the cast solution.

Step four​

Leave the material drying in open air until it becomes solid. Demold it soon enough to avoid bending.

​

​

 

​

title. project Calcium carbonate composites 2

date. 2018

city. Lisbon

tools. scale, grinder, sieve machine, stirring spoon, containers, 40 micron sieve

process. 3D printed, ground, mixed, air dried

composition. 15% water, 15% sugar, 70% mussel shells

Instructions.

Step one - powder

  1. Wash the mussel shells and remove remaining waste.

  2. Cook the shells for 15 minutes.

  3. Heat the shells for 1 hour on 200 degrees in the oven. This will make the shells more brittle .

  4. Grind the shells into a powder.

  5. Sieve the grinded shells to obtain a powder with particle size of maximal 75 micron metre.

Step two - binding

  1. Measure the desired amount of sugar (50% of total weight).

  2. Measure the desired amount of water (50% of total weight).

  3. Add sugar to the water and stir until a gel has formed.

Step three - paste prep

  1. Measure the desired amount of mussel shell powder

  2. Add binder to the powder until the right ratio is met. The powder:binder ratio is 1:0,4

  3. Stir until the ingredients are well mixed into a smooth paste

Step four - 3D print

To print the paste, a syringe that is actuated by compressed air can be attached to the positioning system of an Ultimaker (we used  Ultimaker 2+). A digitally controlled pressure regulator has to be connected to the controller board of the Ultimaker, which makes it possible to control the extrusion pressure using pronterface 

Print settings:

Diameter syringe 22.5mm

Nozzle size 0.84mm

Pressure 0.22–0.34 bar

Print speed 5 mm/s

Layer height 1mm

Layer width 1.5mm

Build plate temperature 30 °C

source. M.Sauerwein & E.L.Doubrovski

 

​

bottom of page